Fredrikstad
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Kongsten fortress
Kongsten Fort is situated 500 metres east of The Old Town. It was built around 1680 on the rocky outcrop of Galgeberget. The fortress was constructed according to the ancient Italian principles of fortification, with high bastions, hornworks, and redans that would provide protection from invading armies. Military strategists understood that, if captured, the small hill would provide an enemy with a raised platform for their artillery, greatly increasing the range of canon shot.
Source: Visit Fredrikstad & Hvaler
Kongsten fortress